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Śayanī Ekādaśī, The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start, Guru-Pūrṇimā

॥ श्रीः ॥ July 16 July 17 July 18 ... July 20 July 21
+5:30 India Udupi Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
Kolkata *
Manali *
New Delhi *
Bengaluru *
Gokarna *
Morjim *
+5:00 Tajikistan Dushanbe *
Russia Perm *
Ufa *
Orenburg *
Yekaterinburg Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
Surgut *
Chelyabinsk *
+5:00 Kazakhstan Aktobe *
Aktau *
Kokshetau *
Almaty *
Tekeli *
Ust-Kamenogorsk (Oskemen) *
+6:00 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek *
Russia Omsk *
+7:00 Krasnoyarsk Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
Novokuznetsk *
Novosibirsk *
Barnaul *
Tomsk *
Thailand Ko Pha-ngan *
+8:00 Indonesia Denpasar *
+9:00 Russia Mirny >06:29
+10:00 Khabarovsk >07:29
Vladivostok >07:29
+12:00 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky >09:29
+4:00 Armenia Yerevan Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
Georgia Tbilisi *
Russia Samara *
+3:00 Volgograd *
+4:00 Ulyanovsk *
+3:00 Pyatigorsk *
Stavropol *
Semikarakorsk *
Krasnodar *
Kerch *
Simferopol *
Russia Donetsk Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
Stary Oskol *
Lipetsk *
+3:00 Voronezh *
Tambov *
Kazan *
Cheboksary *
Kirov *
Rostov-on-Don *
Russia Ryazan *
Moscow *
Dubna Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
+3:00 Saint Petersburg *
Murmansk (adjusted to 67.9667 33.0833) *
Kostomuksha *
Arkhangelsk *
Smolensk *
Belarus Gomel *
Minsk *
Grodno *
+3:00 (DST) Ukraine Kharkov *
Poltava *
Kremenchug Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
Krivoy Rog *
Kiev *
Kropyvnytskyi (Kirovograd) *
Nikolaev *
Odessa *
Rovno *
+3:00 (DST) Kolomyia *
Israel Ashkelon *
Moldova Kishinev *
Cyprus Nicosia *
Latvia Riga Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
Jurmala *
Estonia Tallinn *
Lithuania Vilnius *
+2:00 (DST) Poland Warsaw *
Germany Dillingen an der Donau *
Eppingen *
Austria Vienna *
Switzerland Biel/Biennne *
France Marseille *
Spain Barcelona *
Madrid Śayanī Ekādaśī,

Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam,

The vratas of the 1st month of Ćāturmāsya start
* Guru-Pūrṇimā
+1:00 (DST) UK London *
-3:00 (DST) Canada Fredericton *
-4:00 (DST) Toronto HV > 05:25 17.07 *
USA New York City *
Miami * Guru-Pūrṇimā
-5:00 Mexico Cancun HV > 04:25 17.07 *
-6:00 Canada Meadow Lake HV > 03:25 17.07 *
-7:00 (DST) USA Los Angeles HV > 02:25 17.07 06:00–08:14
॥ ॐ तत्सत् ॥ July 16 July 17 July 18 ... July 20 July 21

* — Pāraṇam (completing the fast by taking water and food) is to be performed during standard period of time: after sunrise and before the first fifth of the daylight ends. Pāraṇam time could be calculated with “Vaiṣṇavaṁ Pañchāṅgam” software.

< — Pāraṇam must be done before the time specified (in 24-hour format)

> — Pāraṇam must be done after the time specified (in 24-hour format)

HV > — The last quater of Ekādaśī-tithi (Hari-vāsara) starts from the time specified (in 24-hour format). If the starting time is after the midnight, the following date is mentioned with the time. The last quater of Ekādaśī-tithi is considered to be Hari-vāsara and should be strictly observed with Ekādaśī vows even when the observation of Ekādaśī fast follows the next day.


Ćāturmāsya, the 1st month: śāka-vrata

The day of śayanī ekādaśī marks the beginning of the first month of Ćāturmāsya. Ćāturmāsya comprises a little more than four months of Dakṣiṇāyana, a period from the summer solstice till the winter one, when the night of devatas occurs. During Ćāturmāsya Upendra - Viṣṇu, who is present among devatās as Indra’s younger brother – falls asleep, thereby controlling the very state of sleeping, one of the four states experienced by all living beings in the world. Hence the importance - and binding nature - of performing yajnas, donations, fasts, japa, etc is multiplied. During Ćāturmāsya it is customary to take vows of offering 100 000 prostrated obeisances to Viṣṇu, daily recitation of Viṣṇu-sahasra-nāma or other Names, garlands of Names, mantras and śāstrās, 100 000 circumambulations of Viṣṇu’s temple, etc., at the discretion of the seeker of mukti or his preceptor. Even so, the overall and obligatory vow is abstinence from certain foods in every particular month of Ćāturmāsya.

Śāstra (Āditya-Purāṇa) emphasizes that the person who takes ‘śākam’ in the first month “stabs Bhagavān's heart with a spear“ (i.e. attempts such violence), the one who takes ‘dadhi’ (fermented dairy products) in the second month – eats beef (and reaps the corresponding fruits afterwards), the one who takes milk in the third month – takes intoxicants (and thus is deprived of sobriety and discretion), and the one who takes ‘dvidalam bahubījam’ (dicotyledons and manyseeds) in Kārtika, the last month of Ćāturmāsya, - devours worms (degrading to the corresponding level of thinking and aspirations). On the other hand, observation of these vows yields such results in knowledge and bhakti that are incomparably superior to good effects in other months. Besides, the beneficence of the vows grows daily, culminating in the month of Kārtika. Weddings and other rites that are meant to formalize certain bodily relations (or changes) and that can be postponed, are also forbidden during Ćāturmāsya.

During all months of Ćāturmāsya it is forbidden to eat:

  • Beans (including green bean);
  • Pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan, tūvaram or tūvarī in Sanskrit, tūr-dāl in Hindi, tūgarī kālu in Kannada, Straucherbse in German) – this legume is the main ingredient of “rasam” soup in South Bhārat. Here is a picture of dried pigeon peas:
tūvaram
  • citrons;
  • forbidden vegetables (i.e. vegetables that are always forbidden, such as garlic, onion, eggplants, red lentils, etc.)

“Śākam” includes any leaves, flowers, vegetables (including fruits and berries), stems, roots, buds, sprouts, mushrooms, bark, rind and skin. Abstination from śākas is an offering to Śrī-Bhagavān in the first month of Ćāturmāsya. Śākās do not include:

  • grains (e.g. rice, maize, wheat, sesame),
  • dairy products,
  • pulses (excluding beans, pigeon pea and green pea),
  • black pepper,
  • cumin (caraway)
  • rock salt and sea salt, crystallized sugar,
  • sesame oil (presumably – by parity of reasoning – maize oil and linseed oil),

Four kinds of śākās are allowed (though voluntary abstination from them is commendable):

  • atasī (flax),
  • Tulasī,
  • amalākī,
  • cūta-phalam (mango)

Moreover, it is necessary to abstain from śākās on the days before and after ekādaśī throughout Ćāturmāsya.

Two days before Ćāturmāsya it is necessary to do clear out in the kitchen and other rooms. On Daśamī (the day before Ekādaśī) one should take solemn vows of Ćāturmāsya and beg for strength to keep them, in front of Bhagavān and His entourage.

Thus, one must start observing vows of śāka-vrata on the day preceding Śayanī Ekādashī (i.e. in 2024 on July 16th).

It is customary to perform Sudarśana-homa (a special kind of fire yāga) and Tapta-mudrā-dhāraṇam (branding body with Viṣṇu’s symbols with seals heated in fire), contingent upon availability of a knowledgeable and worthy priest. It is especially commendable to take tapta-mūdras from a mādhva-sannyāsin.

Making vows of Ćāturmāsya and Śāka-vrata:

supte tvayi jagannātha! jagat suptaṁ bhaved idam
vibuddhe ca vibuddhyeta prasanno me bhavācyuta!
catvaro vārṣikān māsān deva-deva! jagat-pate !
nirvighnaṁ siddhim āyātu prasādāt tava keśava!
gṛhīte’smin vrate deva pañcatvaṁ yadi me bhavet
tadā bhavet susampūrṇṇaṁ prasādāt te janārddana!

“When You are going to sleep, Jagannātha! the whole world falls asleep. When You awake – the world awakes. Acyuta! may You be pleased with me.

“Deva of devas, the Guardian of jagat! Let me meet no obstacles in observing the vow for the four rainy months by Your grace, Keśava!

“Deva, if I leave this body while observing the vow, let it be the last body – let it be the beginning of mokṣa, by Your grace, Janārdanaī”

śāka-vrataṁ mayā deva! gṛhītaṁ puratas tava
nirvighnaṁ siddhim āyātu prasādāt te ramāpate!

“In front of You, Deva, I’ve taken śāka-vrata. Let it reach completion without hindrance, Ramāpate, by Your grace!”

Guru-pūrṇimā, Vyāsa-pūjā

Guru-pūrṇimā, the full moon of the month of Āṣāḍha, is the day of worshipping one’s gurus and all the true preceptors in the universe. The main adoration (pūjā) is dedicated to the source of all knowledge and Knowledge Himself - Bhagavān Vyāsa.


Kindly direct your inquiries upon fasts and vratas, as well as corrections, suggestions, infromation on time zone changes, and requests to include new places for calculation to ekaadashii@gmail.com.

Ekādaśī-vratas are calculated with “Vaiṣṇavaṁ Pañchāṅgam”, created by Āśutoṣa. You may support the development of this software through Github "Sponsor" button (look for the heart symbol).

Respectfully yours,
Nārasiṁha

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